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Kali
(; (タミル語:காளி); (サンスクリット:काली) & (ベンガル語:কালী); ), also known as ((サンスクリット:कालिका)), is the Hindu goddess associated with empowerment, or shakti. She is the mighty aspect of the goddess Durga.〔Encyclopedia International, by Grolier Incorporated Copyright in Canada 1974. AE5.E447 1974 031 73-11206 ISBN 0-7172-0705-6 page 95〕 The name of Kali means black one and force of time, she is therefore called the Goddess of Time, Change, Power, Creation, Preservation, and Destruction. Her earliest appearance is that of a destroyer principally of evil forces. Various Shakta Hindu cosmologies, as well as Shākta Tantric beliefs, worship her as the ultimate reality or ''Brahman''; and recent devotional movements re-imagine Kāli as a benevolent mother goddess. She is often portrayed standing or dancing on her consort, the Hindu god Shiva, who lies calm and prostrate beneath her. Kali is worshipped by Hindus throughout India but particularly South India, Bengal, and Assam.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310141/Kali )〕
== Etymology ==
' is the feminine form of ' ("black, dark coloured").〔Pāṇini 4.1.42〕 Kāla primarily means "time", but also means "black"; hence, Kālī means "the black one" or "beyond time". Kāli is strongly associated with Shiva, and Shaivas derive the masculine Kāla (an epithet of Shiva) from her feminine name. A nineteenth-century Sanskrit dictionary, the Shabdakalpadrum, states: कालः शिवः। तस्य पत्नीति - काली। kālaḥ śivaḥ। tasya patnīti kālī - "Shiva is Kāla, thus, his consort is Kāli".
Other names include ' ("black night"), as described above, and ' ("relating to time"), and ''Kallie'' ("black alchemist"). Coburn notes that the name Kālī can be used as a proper name, or as a description of color.〔Coburn, Thomas; '' – Crystallization of the Goddess Tradition'';i Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1984; ISBN 81-208-0557-7 pages 111–112.〕
Kāli's association with darkness stands in contrast to her consort, Shiva, whose body is covered by the white ashes of the cremation ground (Sanskrit: ') where he meditates, and with which Kāli is also associated, as '.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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